Freestanding strain sensors demonstrate a maximum strain amplitude of 300%, negligible signal drift, a monotonic sensor response, a low degree of hysteresis, and excellent cyclic stability. Rheology measurements reveal the influence of fumed silica particle capping group on the mixture rheology.

These organogels are comprised of a glycol-based deep-eutectic solvent (DES) serving as the ionic conductor and 3-trimethoxysilylmethacrylate-capped fumed silica particles serving as the gelating agent. A class of 3D-printable organogels comprised of inexpensive and nonhazardous feedstocks is used as the sensing medium, and conductive composite threads are used as the electrodes. The monolithic fabrication of hybrid printed/textile piezoresistive strain sensors in a realistic Y/V plasty suture training pad is demonstrated. State-of-the-art tissue analogues used in high-fidelity, hands-on medical simulation modules can deliver lifelike appearance and feel but lack the capability to provide quantified, real-time assessment of practitioner performance.

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